Spine Condition

Degenerative Disc Disease

Understanding and treating age-related disc degeneration with motion preservation techniques that maintain your spine's natural function.

What is Degenerative Disc Disease?

Understanding the Condition

Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is not actually a disease, but rather a natural aging process where spinal discs gradually lose their water content, height, and flexibility. This process typically begins in the 20s and 30s but may not cause symptoms until later in life.

As discs degenerate, they can cause pain through several mechanisms: loss of disc height leading to nerve compression, inflammatory proteins leaking from the disc, and abnormal motion between vertebrae. The condition most commonly affects the lumbar (lower back) and cervical (neck) regions.

Symptoms & Red Flags

Recognizing the signs of degenerative disc disease and when to seek treatment

Common Symptoms
Typical presentations of degenerative disc disease
  • Axial Pain

    Deep, aching pain in the neck or lower back

  • Activity-Related Pain

    Pain that worsens with sitting, bending, or twisting

  • Stiffness

    Reduced flexibility, especially in the morning

  • Intermittent Pain

    Pain that comes and goes, often triggered by activities

Warning Signs
Symptoms requiring immediate evaluation
  • Radiating Pain

    Pain extending into arms or legs

  • Numbness/Tingling

    Loss of sensation in extremities

  • Weakness

    Progressive weakness in arms or legs

  • Severe Pain

    Constant, severe pain affecting daily function

Diagnosis

Comprehensive evaluation to determine the extent of disc degeneration and optimal treatment approach

Clinical Evaluation

Diagnosis begins with a thorough history and physical examination, focusing on pain patterns, functional limitations, and neurological symptoms.

  • Detailed pain history and symptom assessment
  • Physical examination including range of motion testing
  • Neurological examination to assess nerve function
  • Functional assessment and activity limitations
Imaging Studies

Advanced imaging helps visualize disc degeneration and rule out other conditions.

  • MRI to assess disc hydration, height, and nerve compression
  • X-rays to evaluate alignment and bone changes
  • CT scans for detailed bone anatomy when needed
  • Discography in select cases to confirm pain source
Clinical Correlation

Important: Imaging findings must correlate with clinical symptoms. Many people have disc degeneration on imaging without symptoms, while others have significant pain with minimal imaging changes. Treatment decisions are based on the combination of symptoms, examination findings, and imaging.

Treatment Options

Comprehensive treatment approach from conservative care to advanced motion preservation surgery

Motion preservation for appropriate candidates

ADR preserves motion while eliminating pain from degenerated discs. Ideal for single or multi-level disease in appropriate candidates.

Benefits

  • Maintains natural motion
  • Faster recovery than fusion
  • Reduced adjacent segment stress
  • Return to full activities
Combining ADR and fusion for optimal outcomes

Strategic combination of motion preservation and fusion, preserving motion where appropriate while providing stability where needed.

Applications

  • Multi-level disease with varying pathology
  • Adjacent segment disease
  • Revision surgery cases
  • Complex deformity correction
When motion preservation isn't appropriate

Fusion remains the gold standard for certain conditions involving instability, deformity, or when motion preservation isn't suitable.

Indications

  • Spinal instability
  • Significant deformity
  • Failed motion preservation
  • Infection or tumor

Outcomes & Risks

Understanding expected outcomes and potential risks of treatment

Expected Outcomes
What patients can typically expect from treatment
  • Pain Relief

    Significant reduction in axial spine pain

  • Improved Function

    Return to daily activities and work

  • Motion Preservation

    Maintained spinal flexibility with ADR

  • Long-term Success

    17+ year follow-up data shows sustained benefits

Potential Risks
Understanding the risks of surgical treatment
  • General Surgical Risks

    Infection, bleeding, anesthesia complications

  • Nerve Injury

    Risk of nerve damage during surgery

  • Device-Related Issues

    Wear, loosening, or migration of implants

  • Adjacent Segment Disease

    Degeneration at levels above or below surgery

Ready to Explore Your Treatment Options?

Get a comprehensive evaluation to determine if motion preservation surgery is right for your degenerative disc disease.